Dr. Gawande’s Respect for Patient Autonomy in Whose Body...

In his article â€Å"Whose Body Is It, Anyway?†Ã¢â‚¬â€appearing in the New Yorker in October 1994—Dr. Atul Gawande highlights the complexities of the doctor-patient relationship vis-à  -vis patient autonomy and decision-making. Dr. Gawande explains that a respect for patient autonomy (i.e., allowing patients to choose between courses of treatment, therefore directly influencing their health outcome) is the â€Å"new normal† for medical practitioners. However, Gawande also contends that there are times when patients are better served by a voluntary relinquishment of that autonomy. Dr. Gawande shares a personal story with the reader to make his case. He tells us about his daughter Hunter, who suddenly stopped breathing at 11-days-old. Dr. Gawande’s wife quickly noticed the respiratory stoppage, shook Hunter, and her breathing started anew. The Gawande family immediately took Hunter to the hospital where, in an environment guided by the â€Å"orthodoxy of patient autonomy†, a team of physicians presented them with different treatment options and asked them to choose their preferred course of action. Dr. Gawande was a trained, licensed, practicing physician – surely he would be better equipped than most to make such a decision. Yet, here are his thoughts at that critical moment: â€Å"Even if I made what I was sure was the right choice for her, I could not live with the guilt if something went wrong†¦ I needed Hunter’s physicians to bear the responsibility; they could live with the consequences, good or

Essay on The Effects of Advertising - 2032 Words

The Effects of Advertising Marketers used many different themes and techniques to make sure that children remember and ask for their products. During two hours of Saturday morning programming for children over forty ads are shown for different commodity type products. Various techniques are used to advertise these products and each ad have an underlying message. Different commodity type products are advertised to children. The ads that we observed fall into the categories of food, health and beauty products, movies and public service announcements. In the category of food items such as, cereal, candies, fruit punch, potato chips, frozen threats, hamburgers, French fries and chicken nuggets are marketed in intriguing and†¦show more content†¦Oreo cereal used a news setting to show the importance of their cereal by showing an anchor woman asking a kid, who is so much engage in eating his cereal, his opinion regarding the taste of the cereal and then turning to the cow to ask her opinion. Humor was the intent in this commercial because a cow cannot talk. Most ads over state the size of their products. For example, an ad for Popsicle shows the Popsicle being so big that it goes through the roof of the house. The techniques used were geared towards making a lasting impression on the kids so that they will in turn influence their par ents into buying these products for them. All of the products have an underlying message or theme. Through these ad kids are encouraged to pursue an education, clean their rooms, and expect rewards for good actions. Most of the advertisements also promote socialization and glamour. Chucky Cheese ads start off with a jingle to do your math and clean your room, advocating cleanliness, education, and reward for doing those things because if you do those things then you will get to go to Chucky Cheese where you can have a real good time. The shampoo ad shows children having fun at a park. Some of them were on swings with their beautiful hair (which supposedly resulted from using the shampoo) swaying in the breeze while others were washing their hair with the shampoo and others were roller skating in the air. The underlying message seems to indicate that this is aShow MoreRelatedAdvertising And Its Effect On Advertising939 Words   |  4 Pages Advertising Advertising has become an important thing in our everyday life. Almost all the companies make advertisements these days. Usually companies when launching a new product gives advertisement about their products may be in on television or newspaper. This kind of advertising attracts audiences who are likely to buy the product. For example, the advertisement of cola attracts a large part of audience and they are influenced by watching their favorite stars drinking a cola on television thatRead MoreAdvertising And Its Effect On Advertising888 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing advertisements, certain ones will appeal to people differently. Advertisements are made to get someone’s attention in a quick manor. Some people are more enticed to humor, while others could be drawn to a more sexual image, or something more creative that requires intelligence to create and understand. First, by taking a sip of the Pepsi advertisement, I noticed the horizontal advertisement has a gentle light blue background. The Pepsi logo sits in the corner, not drawing much attentionRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The Advertising Industry817 Words   |  4 Pages Over the past decade, the influences of the advertising industry have been growing significantly and it has become a part of our daily life. 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Advertisements can also be seen on the seatsRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Children s Advertising949 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of advertising is definitely an interesting one, however short it may seem. Since adults become progressively harder to influence as they get older, busier, and have more expenses, media companies have looked to children in order to create brand loyal people for when they get older. According to the Consuming Kids video, advertising to children has been met with a variety of challenges. One challenge that they have come ac ross, and cleared, are the laws that went into effect to stop childRead MoreEffect Of Advertising On Society Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesTalking about advertising, on the one hand, it is good for its functions, displays, etc.; on the other hand, sometimes it is too good to be true, the way they bring the messages to the consumers which state â€Å"the number one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . What truly are the miscommunications and how do the viewers react to different types of stimulation among those, are there negative or positive results? This review of literature scope was led by the following question: When it comes to communication and advertising are there positiveRead MoreEffect Of Smartphones On Advertising1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Smartphones on Advertising The amount of smartphones users have nearly doubled within the past 5 years, from 35% to 70%.(2014 Marketing Statistics Infographic). As the number of users continues to rise, advertising will continue to integrate with smartphones. Smartphones have dramatically changed the way consumers are approached by advertising companies. Before we can understand how smartphones have changed the advertising industry, we must first recognize that advertising and smartphonesRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effects of Advertising To advertise is to ‘make generally or public known, to praise publicity in order to encourage to buy or use something, to ask or offer by public notice.’ Advertising persuades, informs, competes and, indeed, entertains. The word ‘advertise’ comes from the French word ‘avertir’ which means ‘to warn’. Many years ago, chemists, barbers, prostitutes, etc would have relied on advertising to promote their business. Chemists (or apothecary)Read MoreAdvertising And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 Pageslogo, and flyers left on windshields as a form of advertising (2011, p.130). According to Medoff and Kaye, advertising serves an educational, social and economic purpose (2011, p.137). Although advertising appears beneficial in many features, it too has its drawbacks and can be similarly unfavorable. Advertising will perhaps become increasingly ubiquitous, increasingly influential, and increasingly controversial (Advertising, 2011, p.152). Advertising is highly criticized, not so much for its very natureRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Advertising1545 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Americans. Advertising convinces people to buy their products by using a multitude of manipulative ideas: targeting inferiorities, tearing apart confidence and self-image, misrepresenting the benefits of a product, and most importantly, creating materialistic ideals. As Stephen Leacock said â€Å"Advertising: the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it.† The materialistic, self-demeaning, and misleading ways of today’s society is why advertising has a profoundly

My First Year free essay sample

Change is a word that has several different meanings to several different individuals. Change is good, change is scary, and most of all change is a step into the unknown. For every new freshman college is a drastic change; a change for the best or a change for the worst. There are so many unknowns and so many doubts a first year student experiences as they step into this new place called home. My first year thus far has encompassed all of these feelings; the excitement, the fear, and the unknown. This is my transition from high school to college; my experiences, my fears, and the beginning of adulthood. High school sucked, I felt like I was in a prison of repetition and predictability for four years. I wore the same uniforms and saw the same people for the last four years in my cliquey private school. By the end of senior year I was so ready to leave my hometown and start somewhere fresh where no one knew me. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Year or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was so excited for college and could not wait for August to come around. I packed all of my belongings and said good-bye to all of my high school friends and my cat. On the drive down I could not stop thinking about how different college was going to be, what my roommates would be like, where my classes were, and how much fun I was about to have. After my parent and my brother moved me into my dorm and said their last good-byes I felt an instant feeling of freedom. Freedom to do what I wanted and a freedom to make my own choices, good or bad. The first weekend went by so quick with meeting so many new people and really living on my own. One of the first things I did was buy a pack of cigarettes and smoked one in my friend’s car, freedom at last. The weekend was so much fun I was dreading classes to start; I was not even sure where my classes were! My first class was at eleven; nothing compared to the 7:45 a.m. in high school, and was nothing short of shocking to be in a class with two hundred students. After the first week of college, I realized how different it was from high school. In College no one cared whether or not you showed up, flunked, or studied at all. Nobody cared if I went out on the weekdays before my 8 a.m. or even showed up to class at all. I was on my own, and was only motivated to receive a higher education so one, my parents were not disappointed in me and two, so I can work somewhere other than McDonalds. I remember when I went back home for the first time. It was Thanksgiving break and my house looked completely different. When I first walked in I felt like I had not been there for years. After a couple days of being home I almost felt as though I had never left though, and was so bored I could not believe that I had spent eighteen years of my life living there. I felt bad for my friends who went to Kennesaw and went home every weekend, I felt as though they had been missing out on the full â€Å"college experience.† I had so much more experience with the crazy partying at my school and going out on weekdays I felt as though I needed to share it with them. I felt like a different person when I came back home, like I was now one of those college girls that I always saw in my older friends who came back from college during breaks. I had experienced everything I was hoping to experience in college and so much more.

Kinship of Family

Kinship refers to the link that exists among people who are related to each other either by marriage or blood. This link is important because it defines somebody’s history. Kinship is used in most communities to dictate how properties are distributed among one’s descendants. The volume of properties received is dependent on the beneficiary’s number in the family order.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kinship of Family specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among communities that speak the same vernacular language, the language is used as the unifying factor because it is used to distinguish that community from other communities. Residing in a common geographical location was responsible for fostering strong bonds due to frequent interaction. There are two ways through which kinship can be acquired and they include marriage and through blood. The strength of these links does not rely on their source . A link based on marriage can disintegrate after the marriage has collapsed. In contrary affiliation by blood is thought to have the strongest foundation and is said to end when death walks in. In my typical family setup the affiliation that exists among family members is used to hold it together. For instance, if my father was to divorce my mother, my link with the two of them would remain intact unless I take sides. This is because the link between me and both of them is based on blood while theirs is based on love. In the above mentioned scenario it is certain that links that are based on blood are stronger and cannot be compared to links based on the marriage because the partners in marriage are united by their strong feelings towards each other and when these feelings fade away the link between them is then broken. In our culture, the first born male is accorded the same respect as his father and is responsible for the continuation of family name. Female children are not able to participate in family name continuation because traditions dictate that when a woman is married she becomes more attached to her new family. The male first born is usually consulted before a decision is made because if the father of the family does not exist the first born male assumes his role. Mothers tend to favor the child who is more financially stable than the rest. Studies in the recent past have proved that this favor is natural among females.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In ancient days our community supported marriage strongly because they knew the family was the basic unit that determined the survival of a community. In today’s world these cultures have been eliminated by modernization. Descendants of a given family name were avoided by many because it was perceived that by marrying such people will bring bad blood into a family name. Children who are not fi nancially stable enjoy limited authority in decision making process in their families because they are only allowed to implement decisions that have been made by those considered to be more intelligent. Money commands power in our family regardless of whether the wealthy child is the last born in the family. Experience cannot be bought over the counter and thus one would expect the first born of the family whether male or female to be given the first priority in giving counsel to his siblings. Favoring one child over the other fosters jealousy in the family against the child who is seen as the apple of parent’s eye. Property inheritance should be done with evenness because all the children enjoy the same rights in their family. In most families within our community, property inheritance has led to many wrangles that are extended to their offsprings. Children who are more successful than their siblings tend to take advantage of their siblings. Parents also are also known to di slike children who are named after the parents of their partner. This is most likely to happen if the bond between the in-laws and their brother’s wife is soar. It is worth noting that the character traits exhibited by one’s children reflect those of his/her parents. Favoritism makes those who are more preferred than others feel like they are superior to their siblings, and hence decisions in that family must safe guard their interests. Sometimes parent ignite family wrangles by allocating more property to one child. Parents should distribute their property equally among their children unless their children recommend so. This evenness will promote unity in a family. Thus children in our society are encouraged to exercise respect to each other. This essay on Kinship of Family was written and submitted by user Haven Salas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay for CAE Essays

Essay for CAE Essays Essay for CAE Essay Essay for CAE Essay Admittedly, it cannot be denied that a parent feeling responsibility for his childs deeds is likely to pass the notion of such words as duty, honor, good, evil and explain that every action will result in specific consequences. The other side of a coin is, however, that nobody knows for sure if the perspective of being punished will cause the increase in parents awareness of their great role in bringing up a law-abiding person or will simply provoke the fear of being punished. And it is well-known that actions did by a person whose main motivation is fear will inconceivably do a lot of harm. For instance, the parents who are fearful of punishment could try to get rid of this feeling through violence towards their children, which will cause good neither for their descendants nor for society. Another aspect we must bear in our mind is the age of children and the appropriateness of the punishment. It is obvious that there is no use in penalizing parents of the criminals who are over twenty-five. Moreover, the great majority of parents will certainly give themselves a severe punishment for fostering a person who can break a law. It is my firm belief hat feeling of guilty and taking sore responsibility for their childrens illegal actions might be far stricter than any fine or restriction of freedom. To draw the conclusion, I must say that this statement is open to debate due to having lots of contradictory aspects within. Nevertheless, while making any Judgments concerning this issue one has to bear in mind all psychological and social consequences of each alternative. Work cannot be satisfying unless it is well-paid. Taking in account all economic and social changes in modern world that have taken place over the last decades, this statement gains great importance. A number of key issues arise from it and for this reason it seems to be a hot topic of debate nowadays. The first aspect which must be considered while thinking this statement over is a material one. Few people would dispute that being a healthy and wealthy person, who has confidence in the future, requires earning enough money. Undoubtedly, every person has ones own conception of what high salary is, but still every country has its cost of living and being paid wage lower than minimum subsistence level turns persons life into the process of survival. In terms of these considerations, not achieving good payment for peoples work put the quality of their life in danger. The second point we must bear in mind is psychological importance of being well-paid. It is obviously true for the majority of people that being initiative, industrious and approachable at work is connected to earning enough money. Moral satisfaction with job and its financial aspect are two sides of the same coin. The notion of rewarding job means a Job that provides a person with possibility to make plans for the forthcoming future, feel importance in society and have a life of dignity. All things considered, I tend to believe that badly-paid work brings no happiness in any persons life and causes lots of psychological and financial problems. In connection with this, being satisfied with your Job is definitely related to getting high material appreciation of your work. Making money has become too important for people in our modern society. Peoples attitude towards money has always been a topic of discussion since ancient times, although economic and social changes, which have taken place over last decades, made this statement sound even more significant. The question about the importance of earning money for people of present times is very controversial and therefore needs precise/thorough consideration. One argument often given in support of the idea that making money is essential is that without having enough money a person stands no chance to buy things of immediate need, maintain healthy lifestyle and achieve set goals. It is undeniable that possessing money provides people with confidence in the foreseeable future not only for themselves but also for their children. On the contrast, the process of making money requires a lot of persons time, which results in problems with compromising it teen work and family. The loss of significant relationship with close people and beloved ones is likely to worsen the quality of anybody life and psychological statement regardless of bank account. Furthermore, we must not forget that pursuing the aim of making more and more money might lead a person to committing a crime. Nowadays it is common to see a man with few moral principles but lots of money on his bank account. What makes this situation even worse is that modern teenagers tend to resemble those well-to-do criminals, perceiving their lifestyle as a model to follow. To draw the conclusion, I can assume that devoting our lives to the endless process of making money brings nothing but loneliness and limitedness into our lives. The main thing we must bear in our minds is that money is a good slave but a bad master. Family affair Have you ever thought how many different family structures and traditions can be found throughout the world? Moreover, every century or even more often new model of family relationship appears. Yet every country has its own peculiarities of family functioning, which originate and follow from the history of the nation examined. My family represents a typical Slavic family, specifically the Eastern part of it. The brightest aspect of this family type is not tight bonds between both distant relatives and close ones. It is not a common to see families whose members get on like a house on fire in our area. By contrast, almost every family is an embodiment of some kind of a battle, where you can find two or even more fighting sides, their opponents, supporters and uninvolved, strategies of embattling and disastrous effects. Unfortunately, my family relationships are not exclusion but rather a confirmation of he rule. Although I cant say that we are constantly at war, but high tension is always there in the air. Having relatives of distinguished nationalities doesnt help at all, because they live far away and play role of uninvolved sides of the battle. Nevertheless, the most unpleasant thing is the understanding that our ancestors used to have extremely close relationship within their families. Being on good terms with relatives was seen as an essential aspect of happiness and goodness. And still in the Western and Centrals parts of my country closeness between family members s quite a common phenomenon. Being acquainted with such families and knowing of their existence make me Jealous of their ability to compromise and respect each others choice and individuality. And I sincerely hope that in the course of time my family relationship will also be filled with Joy, support and understanding. But what I can do and whether I am ready to do anything is open to question. Must-read detectives Detectives present one of the richest parts of literary heritage collected by now. Nevertheless, hardly a month passes by without new detective story appearing on offer. In this review two books written by our contemporaries Bernhard Schlock and Bernard Werner will be compared. It is not only their thematic content that makes Bernhard Clinks Zeals Justice and Bernard Wearers The last secret resemble one another, but also thorough investigation of humans psychology. Both of them provide a revealing and valuable insight into moral principles and prevailing aims of modern people. A remarkable similarity between these two books also lies in terms of memorable and extraordinary protagonists characters, compelling course of events ND thought-provoking plot. On the other hand, there is a world of difference between Zeals Justice and The last secret. The former one is based on events that took place not long ago and can be regarded as more serious due to combination of psychological factors with economic and political aspects of modern society. The later one, on the contrary, is more action-packed and exhilarating owing to fabulous plot that reveals latent and usually unused potential of humans brain. Moreover, Zeals Justice unfavorable differs from The last secret in terms of fascination, but Bernard Wearers book is definitely less plausible that Bernhard Slinks one. It is obvious, that two books examined below are worth being in the must-read list of every detectives-lover. But I would recommend not being put off by the genre and missing opportunity to immerse oneself in the gripping and unpredictable plot created by the outstanding authors. Fulfilling your ambitions At any time setting goals and struggling for their achievement has been an essential part of every persons life. This existential need lies behind peoples desire for understanding all the negative and positive aspects of the searching for better life. Consequently, annually numerous films devoted to this topic appear on the screen. In this review two of them, namely The pursuit of happiness and Slumlord Millionaire, will be compared. There is little to choose between them in terms of actor performance due to credible portrayal of a person encountering difficulties and posing challenges on the way to success, which was created by Will Smith in The pursuit of happiness and Deep Patella in Slumlord Millionaire. These are not only the performers of the main roles who make these films worthwhile watching, but all the sat, whose stunning acting can be undoubtedly called second to none.

Using the Spanish Adjective Grande

Using the Spanish Adjective Grande Grande is among the most common adjectives of Spanish and one of the first to be learned by students. Grande Meaning Large or Big The most common meaning of grande is simply big or large: Viven en una casa grande. (They live in a large house.)Mi nieta tiene las manos grandes como su padre. (My granddaughter has big hands like her father.) ¿Sabes cul es la ciudad ms grande del paà ­s? (Do you know which city is the countrys largest?)Madrid es una ciudad grande. (Madrid is a large city.)El caà ±Ãƒ ³n ms grande del Sistema Solar est en Marte. (The biggest  canyon in the solar system is on Mars.)El estadio ms grande de tenis del mundo ya tiene techo retrctil. (The worlds largest tennis stadium now has a retractable roof.) In context, grande can also refer specifically to height, rather than size per se: Era un hombre grande y flaco. (He was a tall and lean man.)En baloncesto un jugador grande y bueno siempre ser mejor para el equipo que uno bajo y bueno. (In basketball, a tall, good player will always be better for the team than a short, good player.) Like the English word big, grande can refer to being an adult as contrasted with being child, or to being older: Cuando sea grande voy a ser dentista. (When Im bigger/older, Im going to be a dentist.)Cautivà ³ el corazà ³n de grandes y chicos. (She captivated the hearts of the old and the young.)Es mi hermana grande. (Shes my big/older sister.)Estoy muy grande para jugar este juego. (Im too old for playing this game.) Grande Referring to Greatness Especially when it comes before the noun, grande can refer to someone or something being notable. It is often then the equivalent of great. Note than when grande comes before a singular noun, it is shortened to gran: Mi madre dijo que Gerald Ford fue un gran presidente. (My mother said Gerald Ford was a great president.)Fue una gran pelà ­cula ignorada por la prensa. (It was a great film ignored by the press.)Unos dicen que el calamiento global es la gran mentira de nuestro dà ­a. (Some say global warming is the great lie of our day.)I (The players try to leave the casino with the greatest reward possible.)No hay grandes diferencias entre realidad y ficcià ³n, ni entre lo verdadero y lo falso. (That are no huge differences between reality and fiction, nor between truth and falsehood.) Other Meanings of Grande Grande can refer to the larger metropolitan area of a city: La pesca comercial proporciona alrededor de 10.000 empleos en el gran Seattle. (Commercial fishing employs about 10,000 workers in the Seattle area.)La gran Roma est llena de arcos de triunfo. (Greater Rome is full of triumphal arches.) When it doesnt refer to size, grande usually refers to intensity: Es con gran tristeza que anunciamos el fallecimiento de nuestro querido amigo. (It is with deep sorrow that we announce the death of our dear friend.)Es una felicidad grande que Angelina piense en mà ­. (Its a great delight that Angelina is thinking about me.)Puedes ajustar las ventanas pero con gran dificultad. (You can adjust the windows, but with much  difficulty.)Era la primera nevada grande en diez aà ±os. (It was the first heavy snowfall in 10 years.) Grande in Phrases Grande is also used in various phrases: a lo grande - on a big scale: Si piensas a lo grande, puedes hacerlo a lo grande. (If you think big, you can do big.)en grande - on a big scale: Alajuela celebra en grande la gesta heroica de Juan Santamarà ­a. (Alajuela celebrates on a grande scale the heroic achievement of Juan Santamarà ­a.grandes mentes, grandes pensadores - great minds, great thinkers: Las grandes mentes piensan igual. (Great minds think alike.)el hueso grande - the capitate bone (of the hand): El hueso grande es el à ºnico entre todos los del carpo que puede dislocarse. (The capitate bone is the only one among all those of the carpus that can be dislocated.)la semana grande - the final week of Lent: El periodo de los siete dà ­as antes de la Pascua denominamos la semana grande.) (The seven-day period before Easter makes up the final week of Lent. Semana Grande can also refer to a week in August, known as Aste Nagusia, that is celebrated in northern Spain.)

Strategic plan for one of the companies listed on Forbes International Essay

Strategic plan for one of the companies listed on Forbes International Top Ten list - Essay Example In today’s modern era, every company strives to dominate its market. In order to gain any market segment, a company must have a business strategic plan implemented to achieve its goals. Each year Forbes.com comes with a list of top corporations that are excelling in their market. One of the firms that have made a dramatic impact in its industry is Toyota. Toyota is one of the few companies that has the honor to claim itself as â€Å"not only the best automaker in the world, but also maybe the best corporation†. This paper will discuss the strategic management of Toyota and its quest to become the market leader in its industry. One of the most unique strategic planning that Toyota has implemented is to employee top management positions from Japan. Although this move might not work for every corporation, Toyota has the reputation to preserve its brand reputation. From design to corporate decisions, all operations take place in Tokyo[2]. The reason for this is clearly expl ained by John Paul MacDuffee, a professor at local university as he states, â€Å"This is about a greater maturity about globalizing and transferring knowledge that Toyota certainly has at this point.†[2]. In addition, these executives decided to ask their suppliers to reduce their cost by 30%. Management understood that every little step taken by them will influence the company in the long-run. By building a solid environment of knowledge and design, Toyota is able to utilize mass production methods[1]. How is this achieved? Well, the company is a firm believer in the Just-in-time â€Å"lean production.† Toyota’s lean manufacturing system is a critical for its strategic planning by enhancing the flow of work [1]. In addition, it focuses to reduce the organization’s waste, which dramatically increases customer value. Moreover, it levels of production level which eliminates unevenness in its manufacturing system. Just-in-time improves organization's return on investment, quality, and efficiency[1]. Undoubtedly, much of the success that Toyota has enjoyed is due to this model that is collaborated and implemented through planning and executive models. The current strategic planning for Toyota is to introduce a new line of hybrid cars. As humanity progresses to the 21st century, society has becoming more environmental friendly. Hence, Toyota saw this as an opportunity to expand its line of cars. Hence, it decided to invest heavily in research and development in order to build hybrid-electric vehicles [3]. Toyota’s ability to fund in development was critical as it poured millions of dollars without hurting its capital budget. After years of researching, Toyota decided to aggressively showcase its new hybrid Camry and Highlander, two cars that are known for quality and durability [3]. However, it was met by a tough rival as Ford introduced its newest S.U.V at the same time where Toyota showcased its news Prius. While other companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s struggled to design hybrid cars that produced revenue, Toyota was already enjoying decent profits. Interestingly enough, the company never attempts to make any bold of false promises as other companies. Toyota executives acknowledged the fact that gas prices will continue to rise as oil becomes scarce. Furthermore, it was clear that creating an automobile that was â€Å"environmental friendly† is clearly going to be the future of the industry[3]. Hence, by carefully forecasting the